The Watchmaking Workshop of Dr Roger W Smith OBE – Isle of Man

Occasionally in life, you come across something so incredible that you just cannot stop thinking about it. One of the most impressive things I have ever seen with my own eyes is the Basilica di San Marco in Venice (I once even had the pleasure of performing there): there are more than a million, million pieces of gold on the domes and on the ceiling, and the building was already more than 500 years old by the time the composer Giovanni Gabrieli (c.1554–1612) worked there. Another of the most impressive things that springs to mind is the well-preserved Swedish warship that sank less than a mile into her maiden voyage in 1628—the Vasa. This vessel was raised 333 years after foundering and is now on display in an architecturally brilliant museum in Stockholm. One other impressive feat of human achievement, in my estimation, was the research-led reconstruction of Shakespeare’s Globe in London: the attention to detail, even backstage and in places that are seldom seen, is simply astonishing. I would also add the Aurora Orchestra's memorised performances at the BBC Proms to this list—witnessing an orchestra playing a complex work from memory is an astonishing experience, and a celebration of collaborative achievement.

Now I have visited the workshop of the great British watchmaker, Dr Roger W Smith OBE, I would place this among this very short list of the most impressive things I have ever experienced. My mind was well and truly blown. Not only was I fascinated by the design of his watches, the setup of his custom-built workshop, the miniature perfection of each component and the patience and ethos of the people who worked there; but I was also inspired by the story of how Roger came to be designing and making mechanical watches, of the highest imaginable quality, on the Isle of Man.

I was very fortunate to be able to visit this extraordinary workshop. My sister met Roger and his family through her piano teaching endeavours: she had told him about my interest in hand engraving and my trumpet-making apprenticeship, and she arranged for me to visit his workshop on Monday 16th May 2022 while I was over visiting family on the island. My dad, who was a CNC programmer involved in the manufacture of aeronautical parts for most of his career, was very interested and he wanted to come along as well. Roger very kindly agreed to give our whole family the grand tour of his workshop. 

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The tour began alongside the distinctive workbench, tools and machinery of the late Dr George Daniels CBE (1926–2011): Roger earned the esteem of this pioneering watchmaker and he became his protégé and trusted collaborator. The story of Roger’s perseverance, patience, and the hard-earned respect he gained from George Daniels is chronicled in a heartwarming documentary, entitled The Watchmaker’s Apprentice (2015). Roger W Smith succeeded in making a watch that impressed Dr Daniels, whose maxim was that: 'A watch should seem to have simply appeared from thin air, without any sign of the maker, other than the realisation of their aesthetic.'—resultantly, Daniels invited Smith to the Isle of Man in 1998 to collaborate on the 'Daniels Millennium' series.

George Daniels: ‘All the components had to be flawlessly finished so that the completed watch simply existed in all its technical and aesthetic beauty without sign of contact by hand or machine. A handmade watch is more created than manufactured.’ – Daniels, George – All in Good Time: Reflections of a Watchmaker – Philip Wilson Publishers (2013) – p. 90.

George Daniels made his watches from start to finish, including the mechanism, the case and the dial, and Roger W Smith has also continued with this approach. This requires a mastery of many different techniques. Making a watch would usually involve input from individual specialists in at least thirty separate trades. George Daniels and Roger W Smith are among the few to have succeeded in mastering all of these skills themselves—and they have produced the most technically advanced mechanical watches in the world.

George Daniels wrote one of the most important books on the subject of horology, entitled Watchmaking. He had studied timepieces by makers such as Thomas Tompion, John Harrison, Thomas Mudge, John Arnold, Thomas Earnshaw and Abraham-Louis Breguet. He wrote an entire book in tribute to the latter, entitled The Art of Breguet, and as a result he photographed many rare and unique watches—some of which have since been lost, including Breguet's most complicated watch: the 'Marie Antoinette'.

Thomas Mudge’s 1754 lever escapement was only superseded following George Daniels’ invention of the co-axial escapement in the latter half of the twentieth century. This is one of the reasons that George Daniels was considered to be the most important horologist in over two centuries. Mudge’s comparatively high-friction escapement required disassembly, cleaning and re-lubrication (when the oil had degraded over time). George Daniels’ solution to this problem was the co-axial escapement: an almost friction-less mechanism of his own design—which has become, in the words of Andrew Lumsden, part of ‘George’s enormous contribution to the science of Horology.’ – Daniels, George – All in Good Time – p. xiv. Daniels' escapement brought 'a new hope to the mechanical watch industry, then hard pressed by the quartz revolution.' – ibid p. 105. Many watches made by Omega now use this innovation. 

Roger W Smith showed us how this groundbreaking mechanism works. He also showed us some incredibly simple drawings that Dr Daniels had produced prior to making a watch. Roger explained that many of the finer details of the design were stored in George’s mind. This is one reason why Roger’s work has been so important: not only does he make exceptional watches, but he has ensured the preservation of Daniels' work, while continuing to further it—he has made improvements to Daniels' escapement to achieve even more accurate timekeeping. In turn, Roger is passing on his specialist knowledge to the dedicated team of horologists that he employs.

We moved from the working museum, housing the George Daniels collection of tools and machinery, into a room with more modern machinery. It transpired that my dad had programmed very similar machines, and in true Manx fashion he knew some of the people that worked in that department. I could tell that he had a great affinity to the modern lathe on the shop floor: he was in his element. This was probably the first time in ten years that he had seen the types of machines that he programmed for the best part of four decades. One of the programmers and machinists, who was probably about 30 years younger than my dad, remembered working with him, in his own early days in the profession. This gentleman opened an airtight container and picked a tiny component from it using a pair of tapered tweezers. He placed the component (a pinion) in the palm of my dad’s hand. It seemed to be smaller than the creases in his hand, and upon closer inspection he could just about see very fine teeth in the part: he was amazed—he was accustomed to programming and machining parts tens, hundreds, even potentially thousands of times larger than this. The machinist then showed us an animation which illustrated how the jigs for holding workpieces were made. Pieces of aluminium were machined so that the individual parts could be handled and polished without distortion or damage. We watched a 3D animation on the computer that showed the order of operations that would take place on these German-made milling machines.

We moved into the next room, and I admired the soldering bench, a pristine Myford Super 7 lathe, and a number of watchmaking lathes which were positioned by the windows. In the centre of the room there were two machines: one was a straight line engine turning machine, the other a rose engine turning machine (both formerly from George Daniels’ workshop: in his own words: 'Thus, [Professor David] Torrens's gift of redundant nineteenth-century machinery, combined with hard practice, had solved my dial-making problems.'– All in Good Time – p. 78. I had never seen anything like these machines before, and it explained how the incredibly precise guillochés patterns were produced. Roger demonstrates the rose engine turning machine in the video below: the precision of the setup before this process can be seen in four preceding videos.

  
In the next room a group of watchmakers were polishing workpieces with great precision, ready for later assembly. They sat at workstations around the room, which was bathed in natural light. Watch components lay under glass covers on their workbenches, beside an array of loupes of different magnification. Roger introduced us to some of these horologists, who explained what they were doing at that very moment. It was very interesting talking to them: they were all clearly passionate about their work and they were happy to discuss the techniques and tools they were employing. I cannot imagine how exciting it must be when, after all their months of painstaking work, a watch is finally complete and the mechanism springs into life. 

Before we moved outside to see the horses, there was one other workspace to see: the room where components are cleaned in chemicals, and some are plated. A small oven is used to dry the parts to avoid water damage and to ensure that the metal is brought back to a stable temperature.

This visit was not just of great practical interest, on account of my interest in hand engraving and trumpet making, but it also turned out to be of profound philosophical interest as well. There are some similarities between natural trumpets and watchmaking: both are, in their own separate ways, an art and a science—and a celebration of the analogue. If these instruments are looked after they will go on working almost indefinitely, as long as there is someone to blow or wind them. Also, both seem to exist despite the fact that some would regard our chosen artforms as obsolete: why make mechanical watches in the modern era, when electronic watches are so common? Well, why play the natural trumpet when more modern trumpets with valves or finger holes are ubiquitous? Playing the natural trumpet is the purest experience of trumpet playing—a magnifying glass to the player’s technique. It seems there are similarities: Roger W Smith has been quoted as saying ‘I make no apology for being a purist. Ours is the purest of the mechanical arts.' – Roger W Smith

In a nutshell, and without getting too deep and meaningful, I think there are two main reasons why we pursue what we do in our individual fields: firstly, we believe that our approach brings an extra dimension of interest to the artform, and, secondly, in the words of John F Kennedy (in reference to the Space Race of the 1960s), we choose to pursue our chosen disciplines ‘not because it’s easy, but because it’s hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone’.


George Daniels, on p. 90 of his autobiography, wrote: ‘My first watch had to be accepted as a work of art in its own right, as an artificial object of original conception, constructed with integrity, that would intrigue, amuse and educate the human mind. And if it was to attract the connoisseur who for sixty years had been deprived of the opportunity to buy a handmade London watch, it had to have some special mechanical interest. The electronic watch was gaining ground rapidly in the 1960s and manufacturers were claiming it as the watch of the future. The mechanical watch, they said, would die before the end of the century. I did not believe this. Indeed, I saw the electronic watch as the spur to a renewed interest in the mechanical watch.’ Natural trumpets have followed a similar story. Modern finger hole systems were not originally a feature of natural trumpets yet their modern use has, for some (including me), kindled a further interest in the original form of the instrument: they are something of a stepping stone towards becoming a natural trumpet connoisseur. It is also interesting to note that Daniels’ watch was the first to be made in London for 60 years: a similar timeframe is true for the revival of the natural trumpet in London. Valveless trumpets were used in Covent Garden up until the First World War, and enjoyed a renaissance 60 years later (albeit with finger holes).

I cannot claim that I will ever make anything as finely crafted as a Roger W Smith watch, but I am well and truly inspired by his story, his ethos, and his achievements. He and his forebear have created a culture for making exceptional watches—objets d’art—on the Isle of Man. There’s definitely a lot to be said for being a purist, and Roger W Smith’s workshop is the perfect example—if you become an esteemed specialist, people will make a path to your door. I left the workshop with great optimism, thanks, and admiration. It was so refreshing to see this thriving craft and flourishing business, which produces quality workpieces that are built to last. He is entirely devoted to his art, to his craft, and to the achievement of perfection.

I was fascinated by this insight into the world of horology—a subject I knew nothing about just a week ago: I find myself somehow wishing I were involved. Since then, I’ve started reading George Daniels’ autobiography, and, as I write, a copy of Watchmaking—his great tome on the subject—sits on my desk, next in line. If nothing else, this book is serving as my current inspiration as I finish editing my own book, which is on the subject of the natural trumpet. Daniels’ work has furthered the field of mechanical watchmaking: he studied the great masters of the past for inspiration, and found areas for improvement and innovation. I hope my book, ‘Just’ Natural Trumpet, might initiate lasting changes in the field of natural trumpet playing by encouraging others to play the instrument with a fresh approach: studying the extant repertoire (Bach rather than Breguet), rather aptly, in chronological order.

Russell Gilmour
Russell Gilmour Blog
writing on music, photography, engraving, travel and life as a freelance professional musician.

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